Growing Up Too Soon: Body Mass Index, Maternal History, And Media Exposure as Determinants of Early Menarche Among Female Adolescents

Abstract

Early menarche is a significant phenomenon, as it is associated with various physical and psychological health risks, including obesity, hormonal disorders, anxiety, and an increased risk of breast cancer. The decline in age at menarche is also influenced by several factors, such as nutritional status, maternal history of early menarche, exposure to adult mass media, and family economic status. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of early menarche among seventh-grade female adolescents at SMPN 1 Kramatwatu in 2025. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The study sample comprised the entire population meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results showed significant associations (p < 0.05) between early menarche and body mass index (BMI), nutrition, maternal menarche history, exposure to adult mass media, and economic status. This study concludes that the factors associated with early menarche include BMI, nutritional patterns, genetic factors, exposure to adult media, and economic status.