Relationship Between Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Macronutrient Adequacy Intake with Thinness among Students at SDN 1 Karangmulyan Lebak Regency in 2025

Abstract

Lack of nutrients in Indonesia is still a problem in various age groups, including school-age children. Thinness in school-age children occurs due to a lack of food diversity and macronutrient intake. Thinness can lead to a cyclical effect of malnutrition in later life. Lebak Regency is the district with the 2nd highest number of severe underweight cases in Banten Province in 2016, and Banten is the province with the highest thinness cases in Java Island in 2018 and 2023. This study aims to determine the relationship of thinness based on the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), macronutrient adequacy, child characteristics (age, gender), maternal characteristics (gestational age, maternal age at pregnancy), sociodemographic characteristics (parental income, father's education, mother's education) parental factors (father's and mother's education), history of infectious disease and exclusive breastfeeding. This study uses secondary data and a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 137 students taken using the purposive sampling method. The study was conducted through quantitative analysis with univariate, bivariate, with chi-square tests, and multivariate with logistic regression. 20.5% of students were thin and had severe thinness. There is a significant relationship between dietary diversity score OR 2,582 (95%CI: 1,082-6,163) and adequacy of fat intake OR 3,638 (95%CI: 1,010-13,10) with thinness. Adequacy of fat intake is the dominant factor in thinness.